The Ultimate Guide to the Great Migration: Everything You Need to Know
Ready to witness one of the wildest shows on Earth? The Great Migration is your ticket to nature's most epic road trip. Over a million wildebeest, along with zebras and gazelles, journey across Tanzania and Kenya, making it one of the last massive wildlife migrations on the planet.
Here’s the kicker: while timing is everything, it’s unpredictable and depends on what you want to see.
Even with all that unpredictability, getting front-row seats to the action is doable with a little planning.
We’ve been helping adventure-seekers like you plan safaris across Southern and East Africa since 2020, and our team (with over 10 years of Africa safari knowledge) knows a thing or two about helping travellers be in the right place at the right time.
Below, you’ll find our ultimate guide to the wildebeest migration with all our tips to help you plan the safari experience of a lifetime.
What is the Great Migration?
The Great Migration is the annual movement of millions of wildebeest, along with hundreds of thousands of zebras and gazelles, across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in East Africa. These animals travel in a continuous cycle through Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park and Kenya’s Masai Mara National Reserve, driven by the need to find fresh grazing land and water.
Spanning nearly 2,000 miles, the migration is considered one of the greatest wildlife spectacles on Earth. It involves dramatic river crossings, where the animals face dangerous predators like crocodiles and intense predator-prey interactions with lions, hyenas, and cheetahs along the way. This cycle of life and death is vital to the ecosystem, maintaining the balance between herbivores, predators, and the environment.
At its core, the migration is nature’s response to the changing seasons, as the herds follow the rains and fresh grass, creating a constantly shifting dynamic that draws travellers from all over the world.
When Does the Great Migration Take Place?
A lot of people think the Great Migration only happens between July and October, during the famous river crossings, but that's just one part of the story. The migration is actually a year-round event, constantly moving through different stages across the Serengeti and Masai Mara.
While the dramatic river crossings happen between June and October (also peak safari season), the rest of the year also offers incredible wildlife moments. From calving season in January to the massive herds spreading across the plains in search of fresh grass, there's always something happening during the migration. No matter when you visit, you'll witness a key part of this epic journey.
Month-by-Month Breakdown: Where to See the Migration
Image: Simbavati
The timing of the Great Migration is heavily influenced by the rains, which have become increasingly unpredictable due to climate change. As a result, there’s no exact calendar for when specific events like river crossings will occur. If you plan to catch the migration, flexibility is key—nature operates on its own schedule.
The best strategy? Plan for more time rather than a quick in-and-out trip, as the herds move based on when and where the rain falls.
Here's a general month-by-month breakdown to help guide your safari planning:
January: The herds are in the southern Serengeti, near Lake Ndutu. This time of year marks the start of calving season, with the landscape dotted by thousands of newborn wildebeest. The Serengeti is open, so the animals are free to roam in search of fresh grass. Rather than one large herd, expect to see smaller groups scattered across the plains.
February to March: Calving season continues, with around 8,000 wildebeest calves born each day! But it's not all cute baby animals—predators like lions, cheetahs, and hyenas are out in full force, making this a thrilling period for wildlife viewing. The southern plains offer dramatic predator-prey scenes that showcase the circle of life in full action.
April: The long rains begin, and the herds start their migration northwest toward the Moru and Simba Kopjes. This time also kicks off the breeding season, with testosterone-fueled battles between male wildebeest for mating rights. Expect to see some intense action as the males compete.
May: The migration is in full swing, with massive columns of wildebeest stretching up to 40 kilometres (25 miles). The calves are stronger now, and the herds start moving faster, funnelling into the central Serengeti. This is when you can witness the sheer scale of the migration.
June: The herds are scattered throughout the central Serengeti, preparing for the challenging river crossings ahead. Some have already begun crossing the Grumeti River, facing crocodiles lurking in the water. As the wildebeest break into smaller groups, the tension builds.
July: By July, the herds are reaching the northern Serengeti and beginning their approach to the Mara River. This is where things get intense. The river crossings here are legendary, with massive Nile crocodiles waiting for the perfect moment to strike as wildebeest plunge into the water.
August: This month is peak time for witnessing the epic Mara River crossings. The wildebeest are crossing into Kenya’s Masai Mara, providing dramatic, heart-pounding moments.
September: The herds begin to split up, with some remaining in the northern Serengeti and others in the Masai Mara. You’ll still see plenty of animals during this period, but the dramatic river crossings slow down. The Masai Mara is generally the best place to be in September.
October: The migration is still going strong in the Masai Mara, but expect larger crowds of tourists in the national reserve. For a more exclusive experience, the neighbouring private conservancies offer fewer crowds and even more wildlife activity. Plus, they allow for activities like off-road game viewing and night drives, which aren’t permitted in the public reserve.
November: The short rains have arrived, signalling the wildebeest to leave the Masai Mara and head back toward the Serengeti. The animals move into the northeastern Serengeti, often splitting into smaller groups for the long trek back south.
December: With the rains rejuvenating the southern Serengeti, the herds return to feast on the fresh grass. They settle back into the southern and eastern regions of the park, ready for another cycle of calving and migration.
When is the Best Time to Go on a Great Migration Safari?
The best time to catch the Great Migration depends on what part of the action you want to see. From calving season to epic river crossings, there’s always something happening, and the Serengeti and Masai Mara are solid safari spots year-round.
Here’s a quick breakdown of what to expect throughout the year:
Calving Season (February to March): Head to the southern Serengeti to witness the birth of thousands of baby wildebeest. This is your window if you’re into seeing adorable wobbly calves and intense predator action.
Rutting Season (April to May): During this time, the Western and Central Serengeti become the scene for wildebeest mating season, where males battle it out for breeding rights.
Grumeti River Crossings (May to June): If you want to see the herds tackle their first river crossing, head to the central Serengeti to watch them navigate the Grumeti River, crocodiles included.
Mara River Crossings (July to August): This is what most people come for—the legendary Mara River crossings in the northern Serengeti and Masai Mara. It’s a high-stakes gamble between the wildebeest and hungry crocs. Timing is everything, but it's worth the wait.
On the Move (November to January): The herds are trekking back south from the Masai Mara into the northern and southern Serengeti. It’s a great time to see the wildebeest in full migration mode.
Good to Know:
The bulk of the migration happens in the Serengeti.
It's a continuous journey, so no single event defines the migration.
River crossings are unpredictable. You might wait hours (or days) at a riverbank or witness several crossings in one afternoon.
For photographers, river crossings are most dramatic around midday, even if the lighting is harsh. Be ready to wait it out to catch the action.
Where to Stay: Permanent Lodges vs. Mobile Camps on a Migration Safari
When planning your Great Migration safari, your choice of accommodation is a game-changer. Whether you’re chasing the epic Mara River crossings or soaking up the scenery during calving season, where you stay will influence how close you are to the action and what kind of experience you’ll have.
Here’s a breakdown of the two most popular options—permanent lodges and mobile camps—and how to make the best choice based on your safari goals.
Permanent Lodges: Luxury and Comfort
Image: Nimali Seregenti
If comfort and luxury are what you’re after, permanent lodges are your go-to. These lodges are in prime locations with stunning views of the Serengeti or Masai Mara. Think about spacious rooms, private decks, plunge pools, gourmet meals, and often top-tier service. Permanent lodges typically have more amenities, such as spas, infinity pools, and even Wi-Fi, making them perfect for those who want a more relaxed safari experience with high-end comfort.
However, because these lodges are fixed, you might need to take longer game drives to reach the herds during different stages of the migration. The upside? You can return after a long day of safari to ultimate relaxation. These lodges are ideal if you're not looking to move camps regularly and prefer a stable base with creature comforts.
Benefits:
Luxurious amenities (pools, fine dining, spas).
Perfect for those who want comfort and relaxation after a long day.
Things to Consider:
Depending on the time of year, you might be further away from migration hotspots.
Travel time to and from wildlife sightings can be longer.
Image: Alex Walker's Serian
Mobile Camps: Close to the Action
If you want to be right where the action is, mobile camps are your best bet. These camps move with the herds, offering you front-row seats to the migration as it happens. While mobile camps might not have the same level of luxury as permanent lodges, they more than make up for it with proximity to the animals and an immersive safari experience.
The camps are in remote, wildlife-rich areas and offer an authentic bush experience with canvas tents, bucket showers, and cosy campfires under the stars. However, some mobile camps can still be luxurious, with comfortable bedding, private en-suite bathrooms, and delicious meals. The mobility of these camps means you're always close to the herds, whether they’re crossing a river or grazing in the plains.
Benefits:
Right next to the migration, wherever the herds are.
Immersive, authentic bush experience.
Great for those who want to maximise their wildlife encounters.
Things to Consider:
Fewer amenities than permanent lodges (basic showers, no Wi-Fi).
Less stability; camps move regularly based on herd location.
Tips for Choosing Your Migration Safari Accommodation
Know Your Priorities: Choose a high-end permanent lodge if you’re all about luxury. If you want to follow the action closely, mobile camps are better. For a balanced trip, consider both.
Book Early: The Great Migration draws a huge crowd, especially during peak seasons like the river crossings. Book well in advance to secure your preferred accommodations.
Consider Your Budget: Permanent lodges tend to be more expensive, but mobile camps can also be luxurious. Be sure to plan according to your budget and desired experience.
Research Locations: Make sure your lodge or camp is located near migration hotspots during your visit. For river crossings, you’ll want to be close to the Mara or Grumeti Rivers.
Whether you’re seeking an indulgent stay or a true wilderness adventure, the right accommodation can make your Great Migration safari unforgettable. Tailor your experience to your preferences, and get ready for one of the most epic journeys of a lifetime!
Tips for Planning Your Great Migration Safari
Planning a trip to witness the Great Migration is a bucket-list adventure, but it requires some strategy to ensure you get the most out of the experience. From timing and accommodations to avoiding crowds and adding unique experiences, here are a few tips to consider:
Book Early (Seriously, Like a Year in Advance)
The migration’s peak season (June to October) is a hot ticket. Accommodations—especially near prime spots like the Mara River—get booked fast. To secure the best lodges and camps, especially if you’re eyeing the river crossings, you’ll need to book at least 12 months ahead. But even if you’re visiting during the off-peak months, it’s worth planning ahead to get your ideal spot.
Pro Tip: Even if you're not aiming for the river crossings, accommodations near the southern Serengeti for the calving season (January to March) also fill up fast. Calving season is full of action with predators, so don't miss out by booking late.
2. Time It Right Based on What You Want to See
The Great Migration is a year-round event, so aligning your safari with the specific stage of the migration you want to experience is crucial. Whether it’s seeing calves being born, wildebeest thundering across the Mara River, or the herds making their way south, your timing dictates your experience.
Calving Season (January to March): Head to the southern Serengeti.
Mara River Crossings (July to October): Northern Serengeti and Masai Mara are your go-tos.
On the Move (November to January): The herds are heading south from the Mara into the Serengeti.
Pro Tip: The migration is unpredictable. Even if you're there during "peak" times, nature doesn’t run on a clock. Stay flexible and plan a longer trip to maximise your chances of seeing the action.
3. Beat the Crowds for a More Chill Experience
If you’re not into sharing your wildlife experience with dozens of other vehicles, look beyond the popular hotspots. The Serengeti and Masai Mara can get crowded during peak season, but you can avoid the masses by staying in private conservancies adjacent to the Masai Mara. These areas offer the same incredible wildlife viewing with fewer people, plus perks like night drives and walking safaris that aren't allowed in the main reserves.
Pro Tip: In the Serengeti, staying a bit farther from migration hotspots gives you access to the action, but you can still retreat to a more peaceful base at the end of the day. This is ideal if you’re after a more balanced safari experience.
4. Mix It Up with a Diverse Game Viewing Experience
As amazing as the migration is, it can get a bit intense after a few days. Herds of wildebeest, while awe-inspiring, are also loud, smelly, and chaotic. Consider ending your safari at a lodge or camp away from the herds for a bit of tranquillity. This will give you the chance to see other iconic African wildlife like the Big 5 (lion, leopard, elephant, buffalo, and rhino) without the hustle and bustle of the migration.
Pro Tip: Some safari-goers add a stop in quieter parks like Tarangire in Tanzania or Laikipia in Kenya for a more serene Big 5 experience.
5. Add Side Trips to Maximize Your African Safari Experience
You’re already in Africa, so why not extend your adventure with some extra experiences? The Serengeti and Masai Mara easily connect to other must-see destinations. Here are some add-ons worth considering:
Gorilla Trekking: Head to Rwanda for an unforgettable experience tracking mountain gorillas through lush forests.
Beach Time: After all the dusty game drives, unwind on the tropical islands of Zanzibar, which are perfect for lazy beach days or diving.
Cape Town: South Africa’s Cape Town offers stunning natural beauty, fantastic food, wine tours, and outdoor activities like hiking Table Mountain.
Victoria Falls: For thrill-seekers, visit Victoria Falls for epic adventures like white-water rafting, swimming in Devil’s Pool, and bungee jumping.
6. Soar Over The Great Migration
For a bird's-eye view of the herds, a hot air balloon ride over the Serengeti or Masai Mara is an unforgettable add-on, offering a unique perspective of the migration below.
From up in the air, you get a sweeping, unobstructed view of the migration below. It’s a completely different vibe compared to ground-level game drives. You can see the scale of the migration, the vastness of the landscape, and spot predators lurking, all while floating silently above the action.
While game drives can sometimes mean sharing space with other vehicles, a balloon safari is a tranquil experience with no one else around. You’ll be one of the few people up in the air, making it a more intimate way to take in the scene.
Ready to Experience the Great Migration?
Don’t miss out on one of nature’s greatest shows! Whether you want to catch the heart-pounding river crossings or witness the magic of the calving season, Viatu can help you plan the perfect migration safari. Get in touch with us today, and we’ll tailor your trip to make sure you’re right where the action is at the best time.
The Great Migration: FAQS
What’s The Difference Between the Serengeti and Masai Mara Portions of the Migration?
The Serengeti (Tanzania) makes up the majority of the Great Migration’s route, as it covers a much larger area. The herds spend most of the year here, especially during the calving season (January to March). On the other hand, the Masai Mara (Kenya) is where the herds move between July and October during the dry season when they seek out more reliable water sources and greener pastures. The famous Mara River crossings also happen in this section, making it one of the most dramatic parts of the migration.
How Do I Plan a Safari to Witness the Great Migration?
To plan your migration safari, first decide which stage of the migration you want to see. For calving season, visit the southern Serengeti (January to March), and for the dramatic river crossings, head to the Mara River (July to October). Book your accommodations well in advance, especially for peak seasons, as camps fill up fast. Choosing the right location at the right time is key to maximising your chances of catching the migration in action.
Why Do The Wildebeest Migrate?
Wildebeest migrate in search of fresh grass and water, driven by the seasonal rains that change the availability of resources across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem. The herds follow the rains to find better grazing and water sources, which is crucial for their survival. This movement is an ongoing, circular journey that keeps them moving throughout the year.
